华南上泥盆统法门阶哲杜斯贝动物群的埋藏学和居群动力学特征^*          下载免费PDF全文

李彤  董琳  袁志伟  凌坤  甯濛  秦树健  杨润宇  刘威  聂婷  李辰卿  孙元林 《古地理学报》2021,23(6):1210-1224

哲杜斯贝是一种以高丰度和低物种分异度为显著特征、在全球广泛独立分布的小嘴贝类。笔者对华南台地相和台间盆地相5个含哲杜斯贝类上泥盆统剖面进行沉积环境和埋藏特征研究,确定华南哲杜斯贝类的原生沉积环境为台地的正常浅水,这与美国和摩洛哥生长在冷泉环境中的哲杜斯贝不同,表明其既可在浅海环境中生长,也可以在冷泉环境中生长,具有较强的生态可塑性。台地相(原地埋藏)的3个哲杜斯贝种群具有以下特征:(1)均呈现出壳体呈层状紧密堆积、集群生长特点,丰度极高,并且有相当数量的个体呈现出由于拥挤生长而导致的壳体生长畸形现象;(2)缺乏其他底栖后生生物,显示了极低的生物多样性;(3)壳体大小—频率分布和生存曲线揭示了3个哲杜斯贝种群都具有非常低的幼年期死亡率特点,同时同一介壳层内哲杜斯贝个体大小均一,表明绝大多数的个体能够达到或接近自然寿命后死亡。上述证据表明,哲杜斯贝具有密集群居生活的习性,其生活在一个独特的、不适合其他后生底栖生物生存的环境。  相似文献   

沧东—南皮凹陷孔店期古盐度与古环境演化     

秦敏 《江苏地质》2023,47(2):129-134

内陆封闭湖泊的盐度与湖平面具有同步反向变化的特点,通过古盐度研究可推测沉积时期的古气候状况。通过Sr/Ba、Th/U含量比值及C、O同位素的含量变化分析,对沧东—南皮凹陷孔店期各层序古盐度的变化进行系统研究,结合孢粉及岩性组合,推断该区孔店期的水体性质及各层序间古环境的演化。综合认为孔店期整体水体性质为半咸—微咸水,水体深度呈浅→深→浅的变化规律,古气候变化特征为半干旱→湿润→半干旱→干旱气候。  相似文献   

西藏多不杂斑岩铜(金)矿床磁铁矿元素地球化学特征及其对成矿过程的指示     

付雪莲  唐菊兴  杨欢欢  王勤  梁鑫娟  张琪  董玉杰  宋家俊  李建力  王佳鑫  张荣坤 《地球学报》2023,44(3):498-510

多不杂铜(金)矿床是西藏多龙矿集区重要的斑岩型铜矿床之一。详细的岩心编录和岩相学研究显示,多不杂铜(金)矿床发育4类磁铁矿:磁铁矿-1(Mt₁)反射色呈灰白色,它形粒状,部分颗粒包含在黑云母内部;磁铁矿-2(Mt₂)反射色呈粉棕色,半自形-它形粒状,边缘被赤铁矿交代,颗粒内部见少量黄铜矿;磁铁矿-3(Mt₃)反射色呈粉棕色,自形-半自形,粒度小,表面平整,主要产于角岩化蚀变内;磁铁矿-4(Mt₄)反射色呈深灰色,颗粒间隙被黄铁矿、黄铜矿交代。Mt₁、Mt₂属岩浆磁铁矿或岩浆-热液磁铁矿的过渡类型;Mt₃、Mt₄属岩浆-热液磁铁矿的过渡类型。Mt₁、Mt₂、Mt₄磁铁矿形成温度大致在300～500℃,Mt₃形成温度明显低于其他三类磁铁矿,大致在200～500℃。4类磁铁矿具有明显的地球化学差异,其中Mt₁具...  相似文献   

通识教育背景下“摄影测量学基础”教学的思考     

叶勤  林怡 《测绘通报》2015,(2)

在简要分析高校开展通识教育对专业课程教学影响的基础上,研究了摄影测量学基础课程的教学应如何适应这一趋势。结合同济大学测绘工程专业教学的具体特点,确立了通识背景下摄影测量学课程教学的指导思想,构建了教学的目标体系,并进一步对教学内容作了优化,加强了教学与实践及创新项目的结合;对通识教育背景下测绘工程专业摄影测量学基础教学的改进进行了探讨。  相似文献   

基于原始观测值的单频精密单点定位算法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王利  张勤  涂锐  刘站科 《测绘学报》2015,44(1):19-25

研究了一种基于GPS原始观测值的单频PPP算法。该算法通过增加电离层延迟先验信息、空间和时间约束的虚拟观测方程,将电离层延迟当作未知参数与其他定位参数一并进行估计来高效修正电离层延迟误差。通过使用全球178个IGS站1d的实测数据对本算法的收敛速度、定位精度和电离层VTEC的精度进行检验与分析。结果表明,该算法的收敛速度和稳定性均得到了改善,其静态单频单天PPP解的精度可达2~3cm、模拟动态单频单天PPP解的精度可达2~3dm,并且单频PPP与双频PPP提取的电离层总电子含量平均偏差小于5个TECU,可作为一种附属定位产品使用。  相似文献   

西藏盐湖沉积物：一种潜在的铷、铯资源     

李庆宽  王建萍  樊启顺  秦占杰  蔚昊学  山发寿  袁秦  都永生 《地质学报》2023,97(10):3410-3420

铷、铯是我国战略性关键矿产资源。西藏盐湖卤水中赋存着丰富的铷、铯资源,但是品位普遍低于10 mg/L。根据热泉与盐湖锂、铷、铯等元素的补给关系和含量差异特征及铷、铯极易被黏土矿物吸附等特点,推测盐湖沉积物中赋存一定规模的铷、铯资源。为验证该推测,本文选取西藏拉果错、聂尔错、依布茶卡、当穹错、扎布耶茶卡等5个典型盐湖,采集卤水和沉积物样品各5件,开展水体中铷、铯含量和沉积物矿物成分分析,结合沉积物分相淋滤实验,得出如下结论：西藏拉果错、当穹错、聂尔错盐湖卤水铷、铯含量和资源量与其补给量差异显著,大量的铷、铯资源消耗于盐湖沉积物中;盐湖沉积物中的铷、铯含量远高于卤水。铷、铯在沉积物水溶相、碳酸盐相中含量较低,主要以吸附形式赋存于黏土矿物(主要为伊利石),吸附点位包括基面位置、难解吸的磨损边缘及层间位置。盐湖沉积物铷、铯资源量远超大型矿床规模,黏土矿物中铷、铯含量高达100 n×10-6,超过固体盐类矿产综合评价指标,相较于现有盐湖钾产品中的铷资源、含铯硅华中的铯资源开发,具有较好的开发利用性,是一种潜在的铷、铯资源。本研究成果有助于完善盐湖铷、铯富集成矿机制,并为高效开发盐湖中的铷、铯资源提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

Ichthyoplankton recruitment from mainstream of the Changjiang River into the Dongting Lake,the second largest freshwater lake in China     

Ma  Qin  Li  Mingzheng  Qin  Xiangchao  Liu  Huanzhang  Cao  Wenxuan 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(3):1090-1101

Floodplains are important and distinctive ecosystems around the world, and the recruitment of ichthyoplankton from river to floodplain lakes is crucial to maintain this unique ecosystem. However,this process has not been well documented. In this study, ichthyoplankton were sampled to investigate the details of ichthyoplankton recruitment from the Changjiang(Yangtze) River to the Dongting Lake via a floodway channel, the Songzi River, from May to July in 2013 and 2014. During the study period, 41 species of eggs and larvae were sampled. Among the samples, 16 were river-lake migratory species(RL), representing23.5% of the species in the Dongting Lake. In 2013, an estimated 130 million eggs and 3 180 million larvae drifted through the sampling section, and in 2014, an estimated 1 060 million eggs and 1 040 million larvae drifted through the sampling section. The amount of eggs and larvae of RL reached 3 210 million in 2013 and 1 850 million in 2014, respectively. These results demonstrated the importance of ichthyoplankton recruitment from the river to the lake, as species diversity will decrease sharply without this recruitment.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) showed that water temperature and water flow are the two most important factors influencing the spawning activities of fish. To maintain the high fish diversity in the Changjiang floodplain, we suggest to irrigate the channel to increase water discharge and increase the transport of ichthyoplankton from the Changjiang mainstream into the Dongting Lake.  相似文献   

On the linear elastic responses of the 2D bonded discrete element model     

Gao-Feng Zhao  Qiuyue Yin  Adrian R. Russell  Yingchun Li  Wei Wu  Qin Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(1):166-182

The bonded discrete element model (DEM) is a numerical tool that is becoming widely used when studying fracturing, fragmentation, and failure of solids in various disciplines. However, its abilities to solve elastic problems are usually overlooked. In this work, the main features of the 2D bonded DEM which influence Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus, and accuracy when solving elastic boundary value problems, are investigated. Outputs of numerical simulations using the 2D bonded DEM, the finite element method, a hyper elasticity analysis, and the distinct lattice spring model (DLSM) are compared in the investigation. It is shown that a shear interaction (local) factor and a geometric (global) factor are two essential elements for the 2D bonded DEM to reproduce a full range of Poisson's ratios. It is also found that the 2D bonded DEM might be unable to reproduce the correct displacements for elastic boundary value problems when the represented Poisson's ratio is close to 0.5 or the long-range interaction is considered. In addition, an analytical relationship between the shear stiffness ratio and the Poisson's ratio, derived from a hyper elasticity analysis and applicable to discontinuum-based models, provides good agreement with outputs from the 2D bonded DEM and DLSM. Finally, it is shown that the selection of elastic parameters used the 2D bonded DEM has a significant effect on fracturing and fragment patterns of solids.  相似文献   

Semi‐analytical solution to one‐dimensional consolidation for unsaturated soils with semi‐permeable drainage boundary under time‐dependent loading          下载免费PDF全文

L. Wang  D. A. Sun  A. F. Qin  Y. F. Xu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(16):1636-1655

This paper presents semi‐analytical solutions to Fredlund and Hasan's one‐dimensional consolidation of unsaturated soils with semi‐permeable drainage boundary under time‐dependent loadings. Two variables are introduced to transform two coupled governing equations of pore‐water and pore‐air pressures into an equivalent set of partial differential equations, which are easily solved by the Laplace transform. The pore‐water pressure, pore‐air pressure and settlement are obtained in the Laplace domain. Crump's method is adopted to perform the inverse Laplace transform in order to obtain semi‐analytical solutions in time domain. It is shown that the present solutions are more general and have a good agreement with the existing solutions from literatures. Furthermore, the current solutions can also be degenerated into conventional solutions to one‐dimensional consolidation of unsaturated soils with homogeneous boundaries. Finally, several numerical examples are provided to illustrate consolidation behavior of unsaturated soils under four types of time‐dependent loadings, including instantaneous loading, ramp loading, exponential loading and sinusoidal loading. Parametric studies are illustrated by variations of pore‐air pressure, pore‐water pressure and settlement at different values of the ratio of air–water permeability coefficient, depth and loading parameters. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Quantifying the impact of landscape changes on hydrological variables in the alpine and cold region using hydrological model and remote sensing data     

Zizhen Jin  Qiudong Zhao  Xiang Qin  Jingtian Zhang  Hui Zhang  Jia Qin  Yu Qin  Hongyuan Li  Jizu Chen  Yushuo Liu  Yanzhao Li  Lihui Wang 《水文研究》2021,35(10):e14392

Quantifying the impact of landscape on hydrological variables is essential for the sustainable development of water resources. Understanding how landscape changes influence hydrological variables will greatly enhance the understanding of hydrological processes. Important vegetation parameters are considered in this study by using remote sensing data and VIC-CAS model to analyse the impact of landscape changes on hydrology in upper reaches of the Shule River Basin (URSLB). The results show there are differences in the runoff generation of landscape both in space and time. With increasing altitude, the runoff yields increased, with approximately 79.9% of the total runoff generated in the high mountains (4200–5900 m), and mainly consumed in the mid-low mountain region. Glacier landscape produced the largest runoff yields (24.9% of the total runoff), followed by low-coverage grassland (LG; 22.5%), alpine cold desert (AL; 19.6%), mid-coverage grassland (MG; 15.6%), bare land (12.5%), high-coverage grassland (HG; 4.5%) and shrubbery (0.4%). The relative capacity of runoff generation by landscapes, from high to low, was the glaciers, AL, LG, HG, MG, shrubbery and bare land. Furthermore, changes in landscapes cause hydrological variables changes, including evapotranspiration, runoff and baseflow. The study revealed that HG, MG, and bare land have a positive impact on evapotranspiration and a negative impact on runoff and baseflow, whereas AL and LG have a positive impact on runoff and baseflow and a negative impact on evapotranspiration. In contrast, glaciers have a positive impact on runoff. After the simulation in four vegetation scenarios, we concluded that the runoff regulation ability of grassland is greater than that of bare land. The grassland landscape is essential since it reduced the flood peak and conserved the soil and water.  相似文献